Thesis Comparison of Dose-dependent Outcomes in Induction of Cytogenotoxic Responses by Novel Glucosyl Flavonoids

............................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Flavonoids............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Biological Properties ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Human Health and Therapeutic Implications ........................................................................ 5 1.4 Bioavailability of Flavonoids in Humans ............................................................................... 9 1.5 Quercetin and its Glycosides ...............................................................................................10 1.5.1 Quercetin, Isoquercetin and Rutin.................................................................................10 1.5.2 Pharmacokinetics .........................................................................................................12 1.5.3 Pharmacodynamics ......................................................................................................12 1.6 Statement of Project ............................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 2: Comparative Studies Of Cytogenotoxic Effects Of Natural And Synthetic Flavonoids: Quercetin, Isoquercetin And Rutin Versus Maltooligosyl Isoquercetin, Monoglucosyl Rutin And Maltooligosyl Rutin ................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Background and Rationale ..................................................................................................15 2.2 Materials and Methods ........................................................................................................17 2.2.1 Cell culture ...................................................................................................................17 2.2.2 Flavonoids ....................................................................................................................17 2.2.3 Colony formation ..........................................................................................................17 2.2.4 Growth inhibition ...........................................................................................................17 2.2.5 PARP inhibition .............................................................................................................18 2.2.6 Sister chromatid exchange ...........................................................................................18 2.2.7 Micronuclei ...................................................................................................................19 2.2.8 Statistics .......................................................................................................................19 2.3 Results ................................................................................................................................19 2.3.1 Cell viability and growth inhibition .................................................................................19 2.3.2 Sister chromatid exchange ...........................................................................................23